{"id":2229,"date":"2024-06-27T14:52:59","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T07:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/?p=2229"},"modified":"2024-07-29T16:18:15","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T09:18:15","slug":"understanding-the-compliance-and-voluntary-carbon-trading-markets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/understanding-the-compliance-and-voluntary-carbon-trading-markets\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c-bon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (B\u0110KH) to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/uk\/en\/about\/people\/social-responsibility\/climate-change\/zero-in-on-net-zero.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (KNK) b\u1eb1ng \"0\" (Net Zero).<\/a>\u00a0Net Zero \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KNK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c cho th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n 130 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \"Net Zero\" v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3\u00a0<b>th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/b>\u00a0(th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c) v\u00e0\u00a0<b>th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n<\/b>. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c-bon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n (Voluntary carbon credits - VCC) d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Net Zero v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 (theo Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets)<sup>2<\/sup>. VCC th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea3i ra c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p gi\u00e1 l\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.  Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi giao d\u1ecbch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c-bon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n cung h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1edfi qu\u1ed1c gia, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c-bon ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 60 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p do Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (NDC)<sup>3<\/sup>\u0111\u1ec1 ra trong Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU ETS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. EU ETS \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho kho\u1ea3ng 11 ngh\u00ecn c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh\/l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. EU ETS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra (t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng KNK c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng). H\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian, k\u00e9o theo t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nhau khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c-bon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7?<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c-bon nh\u01b0 EUAs (Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a EU) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1i sinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giao ngay, k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a MiFID II. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng EUA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thanh kho\u1ea3n cao. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p EUA kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1<sup>4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u00ean ICE v\u00e0 EEX. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 mua b\u00e1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 EUAs, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tham gia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi \/ ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty EU ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd EU tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. Trong t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua b\u00e1n EUAs qua k\u00eanh OTC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brexit, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh hi\u1ec7n nay qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Giao d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh (UK ETS), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh (UK Allowances) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c-bon \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ebf \u1edf c\u1ea5p bang bao g\u1ed3m California, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Pennsylvania v\u00e0 Massachusetts.<sup>5<\/sup>. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng v\u1eeba m\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Giao d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i (ETS) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2021, bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 4,5 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 40% t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i (CAP) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ebb, kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 100 Euro cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n CO2 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 mua m\u1ed9t EUA hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang h\u01a1n 807 Euro.<sup>8<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload  wp-image-2230 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1.webp\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"889\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27889%27%20height%3D%27614%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20889%20614%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27889%27%20height%3D%27614%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-200x138.webp 200w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-300x207.webp 300w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-400x276.webp 400w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-600x415.webp 600w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-768x531.webp 768w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-800x553.webp 800w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-1024x708.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1-1200x829.webp 1200w, https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/deloitte-uk-rpp-inline1-1.webp 1440w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 k\u00edch th\u00edch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mua c\u00e1c VCC \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh, gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi do thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. M\u1ed7i t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c KNK t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f3 hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf KNK t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp r\u1eebng, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c-bon. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c Net Zero th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf KNK, v\u00ec tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf KNK kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, trong khi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung h\u00f2a c\u00e1c-bon th\u01b0\u1eddng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>T\u00edn ch\u1ec9 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c-bon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c-bon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n (VCC) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Verra, American Carbon Registry, Gold Standard, Climate Action Reserve. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua VCC th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 CBL v\u00e0 ACX. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t VCC ph\u1ea3i \"h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf\" c\u00e1c t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. VCC c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf thay m\u1eb7t cho b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf di\u1ec5n ra theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c-bon. Khi m\u1ed9t VCC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng). Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi xung quanh\u00a0<b>ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b>\u00a0c\u1ee7a VCC. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e1c-bon h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa VCC ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1<\/b>, m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bn\u0103m t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb. C\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u PnL (L\u00e3i v\u00e0 L\u1ed7) v\u00e0 M2M (\u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u theo th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 c\u00e1c\u00a0<b>quy t\u1eafc<\/b>, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng xung quanh c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y (chuy\u1ec3n giao, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf t\u00edn ch\u1ec9, t\u1ea1o t\u00edn ch\u1ec9) tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/global-net-zero-commitments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">Global net zero commitments (parliament.uk)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energymonitor.ai\/policy\/carbon-markets\/the-mission-to-mend-the-voluntary-carbon-offset-market\/#:~:text=The%20voluntary%20carbon%20offset%20market%20can%20be%20expected%20to%20increase,report%20by%20consultancy%20McKinsey%20%26%20Company.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">The mission to mend the voluntary carbon offset market &#8211; Energy Monitor<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>3\u00a0<\/sup><a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/all-about-ndcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">All About the NDCs | United Nations<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emissionshaendler.com\/en\/knowledge-of-eu-emissions\/primary-and-secondary-market\/primary-and-secondary-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">Primary and secondary market \u2013 Emissionshaendler.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/07\/carbon-tax-emissions-countries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">Explainer: Which countries have introduced a carbon tax? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>6\u00a0<\/sup><a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/climate\/the-first-year-of-chinas-national-carbon-market-reviewed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">The first year of China&#8217;s national carbon market, reviewed (chinadialogue.net)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>7<\/sup>\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/ember-climate.org\/data\/data-tools\/carbon-price-viewer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">EU Carbon Price Tracker | Ember (ember-climate.org)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>8<\/sup>\u00a0<a class=\"anchor-new-window\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ceps.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/EU%20ETS%20which%20free%20allocation%20mechanisms_Matthieu%20Jalard%20et%20Emilie%20Alberola.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Opens in a new tab\">15-06-29 CEPS meeting_CDC Climat Research_EU ETS Free allocation<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><label>T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 <\/label><a class=\"cmp-authors-href\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/uk\/en\/about\/people\/profiles.hemalpandya+36b3ba4e.html\">Hemal Pandya<\/a>\u00a0 | \u00a0<a class=\"cmp-authors-href\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/uk\/en\/about\/people\/profiles.tarcher+b0232273.html\">Tim Archer<\/a> &#8211; Deloitte<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As the drive to curb global climate change gathers momentum, carbon markets have become increasingly fundamental to achieving the\u00a0Net-Zero greenhouse-gas emissions\u00a0target. Net Zero refers to achieving an overall balance between [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2229"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2229"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2234,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2229\/revisions\/2234"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vncarbonmarket.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}